Most “ghost orbs” appear in photographs or videos in haunted places. So few people see them floating in mid-air, some researcher speculate that they can only be seen by gifted, psychic people.
What are orbs?
“Orbs” usually refer to the round, usually translucent, round or ball-shaped images that we sometimes see in photographs.
They’re usually white, but sometimes appear in pastel colors. Rarely, they manifest as deep, rich and intense colors.
If you look at them closely, a few orbs seem to have faces in them. Some orbs seem to be made up of tiny facets. Most orbs appear as milky circles or spheres.
People often call them “ghost orbs,” since they seem to indicate paranormal energy.
However, many orbs in photos can be explained naturally. You can see the pollen in the middle, or the insect. The shape is usually irregular.
It may take you awhile to be able to tell the difference between an orb formed by moisture, a reflection, an insect, etc., but — once you can tell the difference — you’re not likely to confuse them again.
Don’t accept the easy dismissal of all orbs as dust, moisture, etc. See the photos in my 2013 article, What Is “Paranormal”?, if you think moisture or reflections always produce orbs.
I recommend trying to create fake orbs with your camera, before deciding what’s real and what isn’t. You may be surprised.
Unexplained orbs… they’re the orb sightings that really interest ghost hunters and paranormal researchers.
Orb sightings and the spirit world
Many people speculate about orb sightings. Some explanations include:
Ghosts.
Angels.
Demons.
An energy field indicating a portal opening or closing. (This is still my favorite explanation.)
A friendly spirit, manifesting to say hello.
A glimpse of “the light” that people describe in near-death experiences.
How to see orbs
The best way to see orbs is to take lots of photos in haunted locations, or places where people have seen (or photographed) orbs in the past.
These may include:
Cemeteries
Battlegrounds
Theatres (or buildings that used to have stage performances)
Older hotels
Living history museums
Historic homes (especially pre-1890 and open to the public)
Take dozens of photos, if you can. Study them closely for orbs. Adjust the contrast or lightness of the photo, so you don’t miss anything.
Tips for orb photography
Day or night, use your camera’s flash. It is possible to photograph ghost orbs during the daytime (see the orb on my book cover for The Ghosts of Austin, Texas) , but a flash seems to improve results.
Always take two or three photos in a row, as quickly as possible and without changing position. See if the same orb or orbs are in all photos; if so, there may be a normal explanation.
Save all of your photos until you exactly what to look for: Different colors, sizes, levels of contrast.
Tips for orb sightings
If you’re one of the fortunate few who see orbs floating in mid-air, here are tips to help you see more of them.
Practice your orb-spotting skills. With a friend or two, visit known haunted locations.
Most people spot orbs around dusk or immediately after it.
When you see an orb, have friends take photos of the orb. If possible, also get photos of you with the orb to see if the locations are similar in most photos.
Measure the temperature and EMF levels around the orb, if you have the tools to do so.
Orb sightings are a controversial topic in ghost hunting. However, if you’re fascinated by ghost orbs or find comfort in them, every orb sighting can be very important.
In Ghost Hunting in Haunted Cemeteries, I mentioned one eerie cemetery in Northfield-Tilton, New Hampshire. (It’s actually in Northfield, but the boundary between the two towns isn’t always clear. Technically, the river divides the towns, but the post office considers both towns as “Tilton.”)
Several graves in that cemetery indicate good activity.
Last night, we took photos of rain orbs for my book, Ghost Photography 101.
Though most of the orbs in this photo are certainly rain, at least one might be something paranormal. I think you can see how different it is from the others, in the photo at right.
Of course, it’s nearly impossible to tell “real” orbs from rain orbs in photos, so I’m making no claims. However, we’ve seen consistent orbs around this group of graves.
When we arrived, the cemetery was too quiet. Even the rain seemed entirely silent, though we parked in a paved area. Also, though the area is lit by streetlights and light from neighbors’ homes, the back half of the cemetery always seems darker than it should be… even in the daytime.
I like cemeteries that feel as if you’re stepping back in time. This is one of them, and it always feels entirely separated from the buildings — and era — around it. Some might describe it as “creepy,” but I find it very relaxing and peaceful, despite the activity at some of its graves.
Here’s a “sneak peak” into another area of this cemetery, to check for elevated EMF, orbs, EVP, and so on.
You may be able to use this tip when you investigate cemeteries in your area.
Other researchers and I describe one grave as the “three pointing fingers grave.” You’ll know which one it is, as soon as you see it. Jacob Webber and his two wives are in that plot, and the headstone is unusual, showing three pointing fingers.
A finger pointing up usually indicates that the person ascended to Heaven. A finger pointing down usually suggests the hand of God, ending a life early… but it can mean something less attractive. (It doesn’t take much imagination to figure that out: Heaven: up. Hell: down.)
When we see an adult’s headstone with a downward pointing finger, we immediately add that plot to our list of graves to investigate. Those graves have a higher likelihood of activity compared with other, unremarkable graves.
I’m still investigating the spirits at the “three fingers” grave. I know the second wife feels that she had the “last word” with that gravestone, and her energy definitely lingers. With enough attention, she’s the kind of woman who might appear as an apparition.
There are several other active locations in this rural cemetery, and some may be even more active than the “three pointing fingers” plot. However, this cemetery – Arch Hill Cemetery in Northfield, NH – is near several homes, so it’s difficult to investigate without attracting attention.
The good news is, this cemetery seems to be active during the daytime as well as after dark. I recommend EMF meters and either a psychic, a Frank’s Box, or an Ovilus for research in this graveyard. You could also use a K-II (or K-III) meter for real-time dialogue with the spirits.
Visually, it’s a lovely location, but — so far — it’s been difficult to photograph reliable anomalies due to nearby lights.
If you’re interested in Arch Hill Cemetery, or you’re ghost hunting in New Hampshire’s Lakes Region, some of my stories were included in Rue Cote’s book, Ghost Hunting in Tilton, New Hampshire.
Rue’s research and ghost stories include Tilton, Northfield, and Franklin, New Hampshire. She also lists several haunts that are within an hour or so of Tilton.
Some orbs can be explained as refracted light from moisture, reflective surfaces, insects, pollen or dust.
But – and this is important – false orbs aren’t the big problem I thought they were.
Unfortunately, many ghost hunters took my earlier advice.
Now I’m embarrassed when I hear someone dismiss a credible orb as “it’s just dust.”
Usually, false orb shapes are irregular.
In other cases, you can see the insect or dot of pollen in the center. It’s more solid-looking. Enlarge your photo and take a close look, to be sure.
When it’s a bug, the reflection is usually white. Pollen usually shows up as a solid yellow dot in the center of the orb. It’s not see-through (translucent).
Always rule those things out.
What if you can’t debunk it?
Some of us believe that unexplained orbs – described as photographic anomalies – indicate possible paranormal activity.
But some ghost researchers still insist that orbs aren’t evidence.
The Skeptics’ Arguments
Critical skeptics fall back on the easy answer that every unexplained orb is just dust. Or insects. Or a reflection.
That’s a convenient excuse.
When I ask how much research they’ve done with their own cameras, trying to create fake orbs, they usually change the subject.
Or, they snap back, “I don’t have to. It’s obvious.”
In the years since I wrote this, I’ve met just one researcher who thoroughly experimented with orb photos. He told me he could create convincing, orb-like images with extremely fine powder carefully blown from the surface of a credit card.
Perhaps he can. I’m still trying to replicate that, myself. So far, no luck.
But… Sure, Let’s Pretend It’s All Dust
Okay, let’s say that those orbs are “just dust.” (Important: I don’t believe that’s the universal answer.)
There’s still an overlooked question.
In fact, it’s obvious when you think about it.
Why do we see so many more orbs in photos taken at haunted places?
Why are there dozens of orbs in photos taken at a haunted cemetery, and hardly any orbs at a field just down the street from that cemetery?
If they’re both equally dusty, shouldn’t we see an equal number of orbs in the photos?
Let’s backtrack for a moment.
Ghosts and Physical Evidence
Most ghost hunters point to physical evidence such as doors that slam without explanation.
Or, they’ll talk about lights, radios and televisions that turn on “by themselves.”
Similarly, I’ve heard a broken piano play music at The Myrtles Plantation in Louisiana.
We’ve seen balls roll by themselves, pencils move across tables, and so on.
So, why is it so preposterous to think that a ghost might deliberately lift flecks of dust, to manifest as orbs in our photos?
Remember the movie, Ghost? In one scene, Patrick Swayze – as a ghost – struggles to move physical objects. Fortunately, another ghost shows him how it’s done.
But what about ghosts in cemeteries and other haunted locations? Maybe no one has shown them how to move large and heavy objects. Perhaps a particle of dust is all they can manage.
A ghost that gets our attention with a fleck of dust is no less real than a ghost that slaps someone, rolls a ball across the floor of a deserted hospital, or slams doors in an empty hall.
Debunking Ghost Orb Photos
Many experienced ghost hunters dismiss orbs caused by obvious reflective objects, pollen, insects, and rain.
Those ghost hunters have viewed thousands – perhaps tens of thousands – of orb photos. They know what to look for:
An irregular shape, not a nearly perfect circle
A solid-looking dot or shape at the center of the orb
A solid dot of yellow in or near the center of a pollen orb
A solid white shape inside an insect orb
A solid white or grey dot inside a dust orb
A brilliant white orb, usually an irregular shape, if it’s rain or moisture
A repeating series of circular orbs, usually in a line, if it’s a lens flare from the sun, the moon, or a reflective surface.
If You Can’t Debunk It
The next question should be: Is the dust an anomaly?
If you’re seeing unexplained orbs in photos taken at one location, take photos at a nearby location with similar levels of dust, pollen, and so on. Equal orbs indicate natural causes.
However, if you see orbs in photos at a haunted cemetery but not in photos at the Little League field next door, the real issue isn’t whether it’s dust.
Instead, ask why the orbs only show up in the haunted cemetery.
It’s easy for anyone – even pros – to make mistakes with ghost photos.
That includes me. (Yes, really. Even now, it’s far too easy to blunder with ghost photos.)
Ghost Photos Mistakes
Here are the four biggest mistakes I’ve seen in the field:
Thinking everything “weird” in a photo is a ghost. Sometimes, normal explanations apply… sometimes they don’t.
Not taking enough photos. Each time you take a picture, take a second one, or more. Those extra photos can help you separate what’s normal from a genuine anomaly.
Thinking we can explain all ghost photos as dust, bugs, rain, etc. No, we can’t. Some really are paranormal.
Ignoring the context. Context and personal impressions may be the single most-important part of ghost research… and they can be the easiest to overlook.
Let’s go through those four points, one by one. They’re things I’ve learned over decades of trial-and-error research at haunted sites.
Thinking Everything Is a Ghost
We can explain some orbs. The #1 culprit is flying insects.
Those orbs are usually an irregular shape, like an oval instead of a nearly perfect circle.
Indoors or out, regularly look at lights – streetlights, flashlights (briefly turned on), and other lighting. See if any insects are swarming or flying past.
If you see flying insects, be especially aware of orbs in your photos.
Even better, have a friend (or team member) stand to the side, but a little in front of you. Have him/her look for anything highlighted by your flash, when you take the picture.
And then, be sure to note that, either on a notepad or with a voice recording.
Likewise, dust happens.
The way to identify something that might be dust, is to see if – in sequential photos or video – it falls straight down because of gravity.
A straight line across the photo could be a camera glitch, or a flying insect, but it’s unlikely to be dust.
On a humid or rainy night, you may see several dozen orbs in your photos. If all – or most – of your photos show a massive number of orbs, maybe it’s the weather. (Just one or a few orbs that show up now & then…? They could be paranormal.)
The weather isn’t the only culprit when you see a lots of orbs, or a fine (but mysterious) mist. It could be your breath, even if the weather isn’t especially cold. (Don’t exhale until after taking each picture.)
I wish I’d known the breath issue when I took the following Gilson Road photo. I might have done some on-site debunking, right away. (Instead, I’ll never know if this was a genuine anomaly.)
Always consider normal explanations, even if they seem a little weird at first. And test your cameras (including your phone) at not-haunted sites, to see what dust, pollen, reflective surfaces, and humidity look like.
The two worst culprits are flying insects and your own breath as you exhale. In photos, either of them can produce cool, weird, ghostly looking anomalies.
Not Taking Enough Photos
At any haunted location, it’s essential to take two to four pictures in rapid succession. Try not to breathe or move, in between those photos.
Then, you can compare one photo with another, to see what – if anything – changed. The changes might help rule out false anomalies.
Also, be sure to pause regularly and take photos to your right, to your left, and in back of you. Later, they’ll help you identify sources of false anomalies.
(They may also show you unexpected anomalies. Not all ghosts strike a pose for the camera. Some might flee in the other direction… in back of you.)
Indoors, take photos in other, nearby rooms.
Outdoors, walk a few hundred yards away – or up the road – and take photos.
One of the big questions to ask when you see an anomaly in a photo is: Why this anomaly, at this location?
If the anomalies show up everywhere, even 1/4 mile up the road, it might be dust or humidity or insects.
If you see few (or no) anomalies anywhere else, and there’s no easy explanation… it might be a ghost.
Thinking All Orbs Can’t Be Paranormal
Many skeptics (and ill-advised investigators) insist that all orbs are dust, pollen, humidity, rain, reflections, and so on.
I know because, before I tested how likely those explanations are, I insisted we could explain most orbs. (At the time, it seemed logical.)
Yes, I was wrong.
I feel terrible about misleading people about orbs, even if it was unintentional. Please accept my apologies if I misled you.
Today, we can’t just brush them off as dust, rain, etc.
Six years of testing, under a variety of conditions, showed me that. (Yes, I was so sure I was right, I kept testing. And testing. And testing… until I had to admit I was wrong.)
Here are a few of my test photos.
Where’s the Proof?
The fact is, if you set things up “just so,” you can mimic almost everything we consider paranormal. That includes:
Apparitions (tricks of the light)
Shadow people (didn’t notice a light source & reasonable shadow)
Doors that open & close by themselves (bad carpentry or the building’s foundation shifted over time)
UFOs (experimental or low-flying aircraft)
Bigfoot (big guy in a costume)
… and so on.
(But ghost orbs…? Not so easy.)
My point is: if you’re looking for 100% irrefutable proof that something is a ghost – or that ghosts exist, at all – you’re likely to be disappointed.
For now, the only real proof is how the experience affects people, or if – in the light of day – they can explain whatever-it-was with confidence.
Ignoring the Context
If your memory isn’t perfect, take notes during the investigation.
The context matters. What else was going on, when you took those photos?
Was everyone bored or unimpressed by the location?
If that didn’t change around the time you took the unusual photos, it decreases the likelihood .
However, if several things happened at once – to you, or those near you – like chills, an uneasy feeling, an unexplained noise – take your photos more seriously.
In recent years, people have relied heavily on evidence in the form of gadgets – ghost hunting equipment, usually electronic. They’ve paid less attention to their personal experiences and observations.
Or worse, they’ve dismissed them altogether.
The biggest mistake in ghost hunting – not just ghost photos – is ignoring what your own five (or six) senses are telling you.
Pay close attention to them, and you’ll be a better ghost hunter… and take better ghost photos.
Are ghost hunting videos proof of anything? What is “proof” of ghosts? Reality shows have affected standards, and – as I see it – that’s a problem.
Of course, networks stopped calling things like Ghost Hunters “reality shows,” and adopted the term “unscripted.”
Those shows still led people to expect paranormal investigations to be just like Ghost Hunters, Paranormal State, Ghost Adventures, and Most Haunted UK. But that wouldn’t be very interesting to watch as entertainment.
(In my opinion, the Klinge Brothers’Ghost Lab series was far more realistic, but even that was edited for sensationalism and cliffhangers at commercial breaks.)
What Do Ghost Hunting Videos Prove?
A recent article, 5 Ghost Hunting Tactics To Use In 2019 (https://www.ghostlyactivities.com/5-ghost-hunting-tactics-to-use-in-2019/), I read the following:
“In 2018, I invested heavily in video equipment. When I go on ghost hunts now, I bring 3 or more camcorders with me. Video is the language of the Web now. If you can’t put the clip online for your peers, curiosity seekers and skeptics, then everything you captured and experienced is just fiction for the masses.”
I’m not sure when personal experience took a back seat to the goal of proving something to others. Between Photoshop and AfterEffects, almost anyone can edit ghost hunting photos and videos to look fairly convincing.
In Ghost Hunting, What is Proof?
When someone talks with me about their encounter with a ghost, their physical evidence can be compelling. Maybe even cool to see or listen to.
But that’s not the primary standard I use in evaluating whether the experience was paranormal.
I’m always listening to the words they use, and how they say them.Are they trying to convince me, or do they sound astonished, even baffled by their experience?
If it’s necessary to prove things with video clips, I wonder how much narcissism – the value of others’ opinions more than your own – is affecting this field.
Of course, if you’re hoping to spin a successful YouTube channel into a TV series, yes, videos do matter.
But, in my opinion, your personal experiences – particularly what impacts your five (or six) senses – are the real evidence.
I think they’re far more important than expecting a ghost showing up, on cue, for your photo, EVP recording, or video.
Putting Ghostly Evidence in Context
When most people talk to me about a site that may be haunted, their questions come from two very different contexts:
1) They are afraid their home is haunted, and they’re worried about their safety; OR,
2) They’ve experienced something odd (or have a photo or video with an anomaly), usually at home or at a family gathering, and they’d like to think it was a visit from their great-aunt Harriet… or someone else they loved, who’s passed.
Of course, I pay close attention to anything that might be a real safety concern. That includes everything from carbon monoxide leaks to a malicious – perhaps demonic, not ghostly – presence.
If the person might be in danger, I advise them to stay with friends or relatives while their concerns are evaluated by professionals. (This usually means a skilled home repair expert, and perhaps an expert team of paranormal investigators.)
But, if they’re unnecessarily anxious, I assure them that it’s probably not a ghost.
And, even if it is, most ghosts are harmless. They may be bad-tempered or cause mischief, but it’s not like the Paranormal Activity movies, or Netflix’s Hill House series.
This short video explains a little more about apparitions, and what’s normal… in paranormal research, anyway:
On the other hand, if the person feels that they’ve had a meaningful visit from their beloved great-aunt Harriet, I’m happy to agree that her spirit may be saying hello, now and then.
Between those two extremes are the kinds of cases that most ghost hunters are looking for. I usually hear about them from fellow ghost hunters, and people who’ve just begun exploring haunted sites.
In those reports, people talk about their experiences as weird, eerie, and spooky. They’re not sure what to do next.
This is important: Almost every credible, first-person ghost story has a mix of intellectual curiosity and emotional uncertainty.
The Best Evidence is Personal
In recent conversations with fellow researchers, almost 100% of paranormal professionals have raised concerns about people’s reliance on ghost hunting equipment.
It’s something I’ve talked about before: Events where people are so fixated on their EMF devices or “ghost apps,” they completely miss the truly astonishing phenomena right in front of them… because it doesn’t show up in photos, videos, etc.
Real ghost hunting usually involves sitting in one location for hours, with nothing happening.
And then, when something does occur, it may only be a fleeting chill (or blast of heat), or a momentary visual anomaly or sound.
It might be some other sensory strangeness, and perhaps an emotional connection that can’t be explained or forgotten.
Or, it may be something terrifying, and you run out of the site as fast as you can… and hope it doesn’t follow you.
You can’t convey that in a video. Not the bone-chilling shock of your first ghost encounter.
Personal experiences are what make a ghost hunter certain that he or she just encountered something paranormal, and probably ghostly.
That’s also what draws people to this field: the eerie, spooky, utterly weird things that happen in truly haunted places. No Halloween “haunted house” or TV show can provide that experience.
Are you brave enough for that?
Why Are You Ghost Hunting?
If you’re trying to replicate something you saw on TV, that’s an unrealistic goal.
Some TV shows are more authentic than others. Few, if any, show what people really experience as ghost hunters.
If you’re hoping to create a popular YouTube channel of ghost videos – and perhaps get a TV show of your own – you’ll need to be very creative with your video editing as well as your acting.
The good news is, a lot of people have given up on ghost hunting. The bad news is, they had good reason to. Even the iconic show, Ghost Hunters, was cancelled.
Others – like Most Haunted UK‘s reboot – took a break and returned with a more authentic, slightly skeptical approach. And, they’re going out on a few limbs, as well. (So far, I like what they’re doing with the new version of that show.)
So, if you’re ghost hunting for an audience, maybe you should focus on video equipment, as recommended in the “Ghost Hunting Tactics” article I mentioned, earlier. He makes some good points in that article.
When You’re Truly Intrigued by Ghosts
But maybe – like me and many researchers – you’re hoping for an extraordinary, memorable encounter with something you know can’t be explained… except as something ghostly.
In that case, I’m not telling you to abandon your ghost hunting equipment. Instead, set it up so it’s mostly hands-off.
That can mean strategically placing video cameras on tripods on letting them record. Or, using a wearable video device you can ignore while you’re investigating.
Maybe you’ll strap your voice recorder or phone to your arm, and have it record everything for you to listen to, later.
Or, take turns with your ghost hunting equipment. For example:
Assign one or two people to monitor those devices for an hour or two (or an entire investigation), while you investigate without those distractions.
Then, swap places so the others have a chance to experience real ghost hunting.
For me, the thrill of ghost hunting is when I see something extraordinary, like a brief flicker of an apparition. Or, several of us are struck by a tidal wave of unexplained grief.
Or, we sense the anger of a very territorial ghost who disapproves of us, or he’s protecting “his” home. (Sometimes we’re polite and leave. Usually, we advise him that we have every right to be there, too.)
In general, the range of eerie experiences is wide, and – when you encounter it – you know it’s something paranormal.
I believe the real proof of a ghost is personal. It’s what you experienced and how it affected you.
And that’s what really matters, whether or not you can support it with photos, videos, EVP, or anything technological.
The picture was taken in 1910, when photography was very different from now. But, the “ghost orb’ issues remain the same.
I’ve enlarged some of the orbs to show what might be an anomaly – also called a “ghost orb” – and what’s probably a glitch in the photo.
Processing Mistakes
First, an obvious glitch. In the photo above, the following area is in the lower right part of the picture, to the left of the white writing.
That photo was processed in a lab. Chemical splashes and spatters could happen. That’s the most likely explanation for those irregular, somewhat circular areas.
Even in the 1990s, when I was taking film photos at haunted sites, I still had to examine the negatives for splashes and lab errors.
False Orbs – Dust and Insects?
The next enlargement shows what could be pollen and insects, as well as some possible anomalies. In the original photo, this area is in the lower half of the picture, and just left of the center.
Orb #1 includes a clear dot. In a color photo, it might be yellow or orange. When it is, the orb is almost always caused by pollen.
But, I see other similar, small dots nearby. So, the orb might be real and the dots might be a glitch from the developing or printing process, or damage to the print during storage.
Solution: When you’re taking photos, ask a friend to stand to one side and in front of you. He or she can tell you if anything in the air looked highlighted by your flash.
Orb #2 is an odd shape, and part of it is more solid looking. That’s often a flying insect.
Solution: When you’re ghost hunting outdoors, regularly look up at streetlights, or have a friend leave a flashlight on for several minutes. Many insects are attracted to light.
If you see bugs flying in front of a light, keep them in mind when you’re analyzing your photos, later.
Miscellaneous Items
The next enlargement is from the sky area in the Custer photo. It’s near the top and to the right of the middle.
Irregular shape #1 is probably damage to the print or something that spilled on the negative.
Shape #2 could be almost anything, including an insect or two, or a printing glitch.
Possible Ghost Orbs
After ruling out things that look like false anomalies, I still see several orbs I can’t explain. Not entirely, anyway. (I am mindful that sunlight may have been streaming directly towards the camera.)
I’ve indicated a few possible orbs from the sky area of the photo. But, a closer examination of the original photo may reveal more.
Of course, they could be processing errors from the darkroom. They could be insects or pollen, or something else that’s perfectly normal.
I have no idea and, frankly, no one can be sure whether anything I’ve said is accurate about this photo.
We’d need to test the camera the photographer used.
That’s my point.
Testing each camera is essential.
Then, we can tell whether our photos may include ghostly anomalies… or if we’re looking at something normal (and annoying).
This is important, as well: Even after those tests, we’ll have unanswered questions.
One Question Lingers
Despite what I’ve said here, never assume that the logical, normal explanation is the only explanation.
Something that “looks like dust” could still be an anomaly.
And, even if it is dust, you may have another mystery: What causes dust in that area, but nowhere else at that location or nearby?